California Real Estate Practice Exam

National Fair Housing principles are founded on which of the following?

1. 13th Amendment to the Constitution

2. First Amendment to the Constitution

3. Rumford Act

4. Unruh Act

The correct answer is: 13th Amendment to the Constitution

The foundation of national fair housing principles is largely rooted in the 13th Amendment to the Constitution. The 13th Amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, establishing a principle of equality for all individuals within the United States. This amendment laid the groundwork for later civil rights legislation, including the Fair Housing Act of 1968, which aimed to eliminate discrimination in housing based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, familial status, or disability. While other laws, such as the Rumford Act and the Unruh Act, address discrimination in specific contexts within California, they do not have the same foundational status at the national level as the 13th Amendment. The First Amendment, which guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly, and the right to petition, is also not directly related to housing discrimination. Therefore, the 13th Amendment is the most appropriate answer regarding the national principles of fair housing, as it reflects the broader constitutional commitment to equality.